Ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi mkpuchi South Africa, mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmetọ rọba

Greenhouse gas (GHG) kpatara site na mmanụ ọkụ dị elu na omume njikwa mkpofu na-adịghị mma bụ abụọ n'ime ihe ịma aka ndị na-ebute ụzọ na-eche ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi Africa ihu, ya mere ọ dị ngwa ngwa nke ịmepụta ihe ngwọta na-adịgide adịgide nke na-abụghị nanị na-echekwa nkwado nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma na-emesi ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-egwu egwuregwu obi ike na ọnụ ahịa nke obere ego azụmahịa na nnukwu ego.

Ndị ọkachamara na-akpọ ugbu a ka a na-elekwasị anya na oriri ume na omume tupu nri mgbe a bịara na nkwakọ ngwaahịa iji belata ihe mkpofu a na-atụfu ya ma ọ bụrụ na mpaghara ahụ ga-enye aka nke ọma na efu efu site na 2050 ma gbasaa okirikiri nke ọnụ ahịa ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi.

South Africa
Na South Africa, ntụkwasị obi siri ike na isi mmalite ike nke ihe ọkụkụ na-eme ka ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi ọkụ na enweghị usoro mkpofu mkpofu a na-ahazi nke ọma na nke nwere ike ime ka ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi mkpuchi nke mba ahụ họrọ itinye ego na ntinye ike dị ọcha na ngwọta nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke enwere ike ijikwa ma megharịa ya ma ndị nrụpụta yana ndị na-azụ ahịa ha.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Polyoak Packaging nke dị na Cape Town, ụlọ ọrụ ọkachamara na imepụta na imepụta ngwugwu rọba siri ike na gburugburu ebe obibi maka nri, ihe ọṅụṅụ na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na-ekwu na mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmetọ rọba, bụ nke a na-ekwu na mpaghara nrụpụta gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi, bụ abụọ n'ime "nsogbu ọjọọ" nke ụwa mana nke ngwọta dị maka ndị na-eme egwuregwu mkpuchi ọhụrụ.

Cohn Gibb, onye njikwa azụmaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, kwuru na Johannesburg na June 2024 ngalaba ike na-akpata ihe karịrị 75% nke ikuku griin haus na ike zuru ụwa ọnụ sitere na mmanụ ọkụ. Na South Africa, mmanụ ọkụ fossil na-akpata ihe ruru 91% nke mkpokọta ike mba ahụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere 80% n'ụwa niile na coal na-achịkwa ọkụ eletrik nke mba.

"South Africa bụ nke iri na atọ kasị ukwuu na-ebunye ikuku griin haus n'ụwa niile nwere ngalaba ume na-emetụta carbon nke mba G20," ka o kwuru.

Eskom, ụlọ ọrụ ike South Africa, “bụ onye na-emepụta GHG zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ na-ewepụta sọlfọ dioxide karịa ka US na China jikọtara ọnụ,” Gibb na-ekwu.

Mmụpụta dị elu nke sọlfọ dioxide nwere mmetụta maka usoro nrụpụta South Africa na sistemu na-ebute mkpa maka nhọrọ ike dị ọcha.
Ọchịchọ ịkwado mbọ zuru ụwa ọnụ iji belata ihe ọkụkụ na-akpata mmanụ ọkụ na ibelata ụgwọ ọrụ nke onwe ya, yana ibelata ibu ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide nke Eskom na-akwụ ụgwọ, emeela ka Polyoak nweta ume ọhụrụ nke ga-ahụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ewepụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde 5.4 kwh kwa afọ.

Ike dị ọcha emepụtara "ga-echekwa tọn 5,610 nke ikuku CO2 kwa afọ nke ga-achọ osisi 231,000 kwa afọ iji banye," Gibb na-ekwu.

Agbanyeghi na itinye ego ohuru a na-emeghari ohuru ezughị oke iji kwadoo oru Polyoak, ulo oru etinyela ego n'ime igwe na-ebuputa iji hu na ike na-adighi akwụsị akwụsị n'oge mbughari maka kacha mma mmepụta ihe.

N'ebe ọzọ, Gibb na-ekwu na South Africa bụ otu n'ime mba ndị nwere usoro nlekọta mkpofu kacha njọ n'ụwa na ọ ga-ewe ihe ngwọta ọhụrụ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa site n'aka ndị na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi iji belata ego a na-adịghị emegharị na nke a na-apụghị imegharịgharị na obodo ebe ihe ruru 35% nke ezinụlọ enweghị ụdị nchịkọta mkpofu. A na-atụfu nnukwu ihe mkpofu a na-emepụta n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị ma na-atụfu ya na reiver na-agbasakarị ebe obibi ndị na-abụghị eziokwu, dịka Gibb siri kwuo.

Nkwakọ ngwaahịa ọzọ
Nnukwu ihe ịma aka nchịkwa mkpofu na-abịa site na ụlọ ọrụ na-akwakọba plastik na mkpuchi mkpuchi na ndị na-ebubata ihe nwere ohere iji belata ibu dị na gburugburu ebe obibi site na nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-adịte aka na-adịte aka nke nwere ike ịmegharị ya ngwa ngwa ma ọ dị mkpa.

N'afọ 2023, ngalaba na-ahụ maka oke ohia na azụ azụ na gburugburu South Africa mepụtara ntuziaka nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke obodo nke na-ekpuchi ụdị anọ nke iyi ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke ọla, iko, akwụkwọ na plastik.

Ntuziaka ahụ, ngalaba ahụ kwuru, bụ iji nyere aka "ịbelata olu nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-ejedebe na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa site na imeziwanye mmepụta ngwaahịa, ịba ụba nke omume mmepụta na ịkwalite mgbochi mkpofu."

"Otu n'ime ebumnuche bụ isi nke ntuziaka nkwakọ ngwaahịa a bụ inyere ndị na-emepụta ihe n'ụdị nkwakọ ngwaahịa niile aka na nghọta ka mma banyere mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mkpebi imewe ha, si otú a na-akwalite ezi omume gburugburu ebe obibi na-egbochighị nhọrọ," ka onye minista DFFE mbụ Creecy Barbara kwuru, bụ onye a kwagara na ngalaba nke njem.

Na Polyoak, Gibb na-ekwu, ndị njikwa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na nkwakọ akwụkwọ ya na-elekwasị anya na "iji katọn were chekwaa osisi." A na-esi na bọọdụ ọkwa nri eme katọn polyoak maka ihe nchekwa.

Gibb kwuru, sị: “N' nkezi, ọ na-ewe osisi 17 iji mepụta otu tọn bọọdụ carbon.
Ọ gbakwụnyere, "atụmatụ iweghachi katọn anyị na-eme ka a na-ejigharị katọn nke ọ bụla maka nkezi ugboro ise," ka ọ gbakwụnyere, na-ehota na 2021 dị ịrịba ama nke ịzụrụ tọn 1600 nke katọn ọhụrụ, na-ejighachi ha eme ihe wee chekwaa osisi 6,400."

Gibb na-eme atụmatụ n'ime ihe karịrị otu afọ, iji katọn mee ihe na-echekwa osisi 108,800, nke ya na otu nde osisi n'ime afọ 10.

DFFE na-eme atụmatụ na enwetaghachila ihe karịrị nde tọn 12 nde akwụkwọ na nkwakọ akwụkwọ maka ịmegharịgharị na mba ahụ n'ime afọ iri gara aga na gọọmentị na-ekwu na a nakọtara ihe karịrị 71% nke akwụkwọ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa na 2018, ruru nde 1,285.

Mana ihe ịma aka kasịnụ na-eche South Africa ihu, dị ka ọ dị n’ọtụtụ mba Africa, bụ mkpofu rọba na-edochaghị anya na-abawanye, karịsịa pellet ma ọ bụ nrdles rọba.

"Ụlọ ọrụ rọba ga-egbochi ịkwasa pellets plastik, flakes ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ na gburugburu ebe obibi site na mmepụta na nkesa," Gibb kwuru.

Ugbu a, Polyoak na-eme mkpọsa akpọrọ 'catch that pellet drive' bụ iji gbochie pellets rọba tupu ha abanye na mmiri mmiri ozuzo South Africa.

"N'ụzọ dị mwute, a na-ehie ụzọ pellets plastik dị ka nri na-atọ ụtọ nye ọtụtụ azụ na nnụnụ mgbe ha si na mmiri mmiri ozuzo ebe ha na-abanye n'ime osimiri anyị na-aga n'ime mmiri na-asọba n'ime oké osimiri wee na-asachapụ n'ụsọ osimiri anyị."

Pellets rọba ahụ sitere na microplastics sitere na uzuzu taya na microfiber sitere na ịsacha na ikpochapụ nke nylon na uwe polyester.

Opekempe, 87% nke microplastics ejirila akara okporo ụzọ (7%), microfibers (35%), uzuzu obodo (24%), taya (28%) na nurdles (0.3%).

Ọnọdụ a nwere ike ịdịgide dịka DFFE na-ekwu na South Africa enweghị “enweghị nnukwu mmemme njikwa mkpofu mgbe ndị ahịa gachara maka nkewa na nhazi nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-emebi emebi.

"N'ihi nke a, ihe ndị a enweghị uru dị mkpa maka ndị na-anakọta mkpofu ma ọ bụ ndị na-adịghị adị, ya mere ngwaahịa ndị ahụ nwere ike ịdịgide na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ na nke kachasị mma, na-ejedebe na nkwụsị ala," DFFE kwuru.

Nke a bụ n'agbanyeghị ịdị adị nke Consumer Protection Act Nkeji 29 na 41 na Standards Act 2008 Nkeji 27(1) & {2) na-amachibidoro ụgha, nduhie ma ọ bụ nkwuputa aghụghọ banyere ngwaahịa ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ njirimara arụmọrụ yana azụmahịa site na ịzọrọ ụgha ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ nwere ike "ịmepụta echiche na ngwaahịa na-agbaso ụkpụrụ SABS nke mba South Africa."

N'ime obere oge ruo ọkara, DFFE na-agba ndị ụlọ ọrụ ume ka ha belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ngwaahịa na ọrụ site na usoro ndụ ha niile "dị ka mgbanwe ihu igwe na nkwado bụ nnukwu nsogbu ọha na eze taa, ọ bụ ihe kachasị mkpa."