Usoro mmepụta maka ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ndị na-agbaze acrylate rụọ ọrụ bụ isi ihe gụnyere nhazi ozugbo, mgbanwe mgbanwe, usoro acid chloride, nhazi mgbanwe nke phase-transfer, na ntinye nhazi. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emepụta site na nhazi ozugbo.
(1) Nhazi kpọmkwem
CH₂=CHCOOH + ROH -catalyst→ CH₂=CHCOOR + H₂O
Ihe ndị na-akpali akpali a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka imepụta ihe ozugbo gụnyere sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, na methanesulfonic acid. Iji sulfuric acid eme ihe dị ka ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe na-akpali ihe. Nke a na-emepụta ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-esi na ya apụta, na-eme ka nhicha ngwaahịa na mgbake ihe ndị dị mkpa sie ike, na-emebi usoro ọgwụgwọ mgbe e mesịrị, ma na-emebi ịdị mma ngwaahịa ebe ọ na-emebi akụrụngwa. N'ihi ya, a na-ejikarị PTSA eme ihe na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ugbu a n'ihi uru ya, gụnyere obere ihe achọrọ maka dose, obere okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume, oke mgbanwe, na ịdị mma ngwaahịa dị elu. Mgbe emechara mmeghachi omume, enwere ike ikewapụ ihe na-akpali ihe na ngwaahịa ahụ ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka usoro ọrụ usoro dị mfe. A na-eji ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha ewepụ mmiri esterification site na iji ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha. Ihe ndị a na-emekarị gụnyere benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, na n-heptane, nke na-emepụta azeotropes na mmiri mmeghachi omume iji buru ya. Alkanes dị oke ọnụ ma na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu; xylene nwere ebe esi mmiri dị elu; benzene nwere ebe esi mmiri dị ala ma nwee nnukwu mgbanwe, na-eme ka ọ sie ike ịgbake, ọ na-egosipụtakwa nnukwu nsí. Ya mere, a na-ahọrọ toluene dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha. Toluene nwere ebe esi mmiri nke 110°C na ebe esi mmiri nke toluene azeotropic nke 84°C; ọ na-agbakọta ngwa ngwa n'oge a na-ewepụ ihe mgbaze vacuum, na-ahụ na ọnụego mgbake dị elu, na-ebelata nsí karịa benzene, yana ọnụ ahịa dị ala. Agbanyeghị, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mmachibido iwu na ihe mgbaze usoro benzene na mkpuchi, inks, na ihe nrapado emeela ka ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe wepụ toluene n'ihu ndị na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha. A ga-etinyerịrị ihe mgbochi Polymerization n'oge usoro esterification iji gbochie polymerization nke acrylic acid monomer na ngwaahịa acrylate sitere na ya. Ihe mgbochi ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere ngwakọta phenolic (dịka hydroquinone [HQ] na tert-butylhydroquinone [TBHQ]), ngwakọta amine (dịka phenothiazine na p-phenylenediamine), na ngwakọta nhazi ọla kọpa (dịka copper dimethyldiethyldithiocarbamate na copper dibutyl dithiocarbamate), nke a na-etinye n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ dị ka usoro agwakọtara. Maka akrylates akyl dị elu, enwere ike iji esterification gbazee mee ihe. Usoro a na-ewepụ mkpa ọ dị maka onye na-etinye ihe ma na-ebelata oke ọgwụ ndị na-akpali akpali na ihe mgbochi achọrọ. Mgbe mmeghachi omume reflux gasịrị na 110–120°C, a na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị n'ime ya, a na-ewepụkwa acrylic acid na mmiri fọdụrụnụ site na mkpụcha ikuku, na-eme ka akyl acrylates dị elu ma na-amịpụta nke ọma.
(2) Transesterification
CH₂=CHCOOCH₃ + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + CH₃OH
Mgbe a na-akwadebe alkyl acrylates dị elu ma ọ bụ acrylates na-arụ ọrụ site na transesterification, a na-ahọrọkarị methyl acrylate dị ka ihe mmalite alkyl ester dị ala. N'ihi obere ebe esi mmiri ya (80°C), a ga-eme esterification na obere okpomọkụ, nke na-eme ka oge mmeghachi omume dịkwuo ogologo. Ọzọkwa, methanol nke na-esote na-emepụta azeotrope nwere methyl acrylate (ebe esi mmiri 62–63°C), nke na-ebupụ methyl acrylate nke na-emegharị ahụ ma si otú a na-ebelata mmepụta nke ester dị elu. Methyl acrylate na acrylates dị elu na-enwekarị ike copolymerization na homopolymerization, na-ebelatakwa mmepụta nke acrylates dị elu; ya mere, a na-achọkarị mmụba nke ọgwụ mgbochi. N'ihi nchegbu ọnụ ahịa na mgbagwoju anya mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, a naghịzi eji usoro a eme ihe n'ahịa maka njikọta nke alkyl acrylates dị elu na acrylates na-arụ ọrụ.
(3) Usoro Acid Chloride
CH₂=CHCOOH + SOCl₂ → CH₂=CHCOCl + HCl + CO₂
CH₂=CHCOCl + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + HCl
Usoro a na-ebu ụzọ meghachi omume na acrylic acid na thionyl chloride iji mepụta acryloyl chloride, nke na-eme mmeghachi omume esterification na mmanya. Ọ chọghị ihe mkpali ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-akpali akpali. Ebe ọ bụ na mmeghachi omume ahụ na-aga n'ihu na obere okpomọkụ, a na-ezerekwa itinye ihe mgbochi polymerization. Mmepụta esterification na-aga n'ihu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ọtụtụ, na-enye ịdị ọcha pụrụ iche nke ngwaahịa. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ usoro nzọụkwụ abụọ nwere ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị elu. Mmeghachi omume ahụ na-emepụta nnukwu olu nke gas HCl na SO₂, na-achọ sistemụ nhicha ọtụtụ ọkwa na ngwọta alkaline dị nro na mmiri maka ịmịkọrọ.
(4) Usoro Nnyefe Oge (PTC)
2CH₂=CH₃|C-COOH + Na₂CO₃ → 2CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
CH₂=CH₃|C-COONa + ClCH₂-CH₂O → CH₂=CH₃|C-COOCH₂-CH₂O + NaCl
Sodium methacrylate dị ka ihe siri ike, ebe epichlorohydrin bụ mmiri mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ihe na-akpali akpali, mmeghachi omume dị n'etiti ha na-adị nwayọ nke ukwuu, nke na-eme ka e jiri ihe na-akpali akpali nke usoro mgbanwe (PTC). Ihe na-akpali akpali nke usoro mgbanwe kwesịrị ekwesị gụnyere nnu ammonium quaternary, nnu phosphonium quaternary, na ethers okpueze. Nnu ammonium quaternary bụ nke kachasị ewu ewu, dị ka cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), na tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). Ọnụnọ nke mmiri dị na sistemụ mmeghachi omume na-akpali mmeghachi omume ndị ọzọ; ya mere, iji mee ka mmepụta dịkwuo mma, a ga-edebe ma ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe na sistemụ mmeghachi omume ahụ n'enweghị mmiri ma kpọọ nkụ.
(5) Mgbakwunye Esterification
CH₂=R₁|C-COOH + CH₂-CH₂O-R₂ → CH₂=R₁|C-COO-CH₂-OH|CH₂-R₂
Site n'itinye ethylene oxide ma ọ bụ propylene oxide ozugbo n'ime (meth) acrylic acid n'ihu ihe na-akpali akpali, esterification nke na-emepe mgbanaka na-eme, na-emepụta hydroxy (meth) acrylates (dịka HEA, HEMA, HPA, ma ọ bụ HPMA). 
Oge ozi: Juun-10-2026
